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Wednesday 25 May 2016

Top 10 Interior Decorating Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

How to Transform Inferior Decorating: Identifying and Correcting Decorating Mistakes

You don't have to be a professional interior decorator to understand and apply some basic principles of interior design that will help you create a comfortable and functional home with style.
We've assembled a list of tips that tell you how to avoid (or correct) ten of the most common home decorating mistakes.
This article is not about creating the perfect magazine-worthy home décor or intimidating you with designer jargon and time (and/or money) consuming tasks.
Our aim is simply to present easy DIY decorating fixes with the basic information needed to implement them.
Whether you want to rearrange furniture in your living room, update your bedroom décor, create a guest room, shop for a dining room chandelier, or are downsizing or starting from scratch with your first studio apartment, these tips will help you make the choices that are right for you and your lifestyle.
Throughout this article, you will also find links to other pages that explore some of these topics in greater depth from coordinating fabrics to choosing colors, hanging pictures, and more.
We hope the tips included here will give you the confidence to decorate and accessorize your home to create a welcoming, comfortable place without worrying about making mistakes or wasting time or money -- and one that reflects your unique personality and style.
If you have heavy furniture or haven't purchased any yet, it helps to measure the room and its features first. Then draw the dimensions (graph paper makes it easier), translating the measurements into a scale.
For example, using a scale of 1 inch on paper = 1 foot of space, a room that is 8 feet by 10 feet will be drawn as 8 inches by 10 inches; if you use a scale of 1/2 inch = 1 foot, an 8 foot by 12 foot room would be 4 inches by 6 inches on the paper. In the first case, feet simply are translated into inches on a 1:1 basis. In the second case, you divide each dimension by two. Thus, a 13 foot x 14 foot room, on a scale of 1 foot = 1/2 inch, would measure 6.5 inches x 7 inches in your drawing, and so on.
It is also important to make sure that you note the location and size of doors, windows, hearths, or other features you will need to consider in deciding on furniture placement.
Make a few photo copies once you've done that. Then measure the "footprint" of each piece of furniture (the length and width or amount of space it takes up on the floor).
If you haven't purchased the furniture yet, use standard measurements or find pieces you like and use those dimensions to see if it will work in your home before you buy it. Cut pieces of paper to the same scale as the room dimensions and label each piece of paper.
You can then move the cut-outs around on paper until you find an arrangement that works with the space, purpose, traffic, and size. Tape them in place or use a dab from a glue stick to secure them to the paper.
By using the photocopies, you can easily create multiple arrangements on different pages and compare them to get an idea of how each works before you move the furniture. If you can't visualize it accurately from the drawings, you can use software that will create a three dimensional model for you to see or you can use the cardboard box method outlined in the next section.
1. Up Against the Wall. . . Not!


Many people think a room looks bigger when all of the furniture lines the walls around the room. And if you want a dance floor, that may work, but for most purposes, furniture looks better and a room looks more inviting when the pieces are at an angle or surrounded by space.
Try angling your bed or sofa. Or float that large sofa facing a fireplace, two smaller conversational seating groups, or a pair of chairs arranged at an angle. Depending on the shape, size, and scale of your room, consider using two loveseats or settees instead of a large sofa.

Walk through the room and note the traffic patterns. Move the pieces around you find an arrangement that works with the space and with the traffic flow. That is, do not block access to other rooms or doors with furniture arrangements or individual pieces.
You will want to direct traffic while allowing easy access to pathways in, out of, and around the room.





Low-Tech Quick Floor Plan Kit


Home Quick Planner: Reusable, Peel & Stick Furniture & Architectural Symbols
The Home Quick Planner includes 700 precut, reusable peel-and-stick, scaled furniture and architectural symbols, plus a floor plan grid to help you design your own projects. Simply lift the symbols and arrange them on the floor plan grid to design floor plans, move furniture and make changes. Step-by-step instructions and "Design Details: Critical Dimensions & Clearances" are provided to help you improve your design and save money.
Other Considerations

Consider the purpose of the space as well. Are closets or bookshelves accessible? Do you have a great view you want to feature? (See focal points, below.)
Never automatically push all furniture against the walls. Living room furniture placed around the perimeter of a room does not encourage conversation and can create a cold feeling or ambience.
A chair without a nearby light source will not become a place to read the latest book by your favorite author or complete your latest craft project.
A long and wide island in the center of your kitchen between your sink and refrigerator means you have to walk around it every time you go from one to the other.
Virtual Furniture Arranging

If you are tech-savvy, you might want to invest in floor plan software that will make it even easier to plan a single room or an entire house. Some of these apps have free trials you can download from their websites or your app store which may provide enough features for you to do this at no cost.


2. Picture this: Getting the Hang of It



Hanging pictures or other types of wall décor too high or using pictures that are too small for a particular spot are perhaps the most common home decorating mistakes.
Unless you are creating a period wall full of dado-to-frieze pictures, wall décor should generally be hung so that the middle of the picture (or grouping) is at eye level (from either a standing or sitting position, depending on where it will be viewed from) or a little (2 to 3 inches) lower than eye level, with spacing between pictures fairly equal or visually balanced.
Pictures should also be hung in a way that is proportional to their location. A single small picture hung over a sofa will not look right. Neither will two small ones spread too far about. They will be out of balance.
As a rule of thumb, artwork should be placed no more than five to nine inches above a sofa and no more than seven to ten inches above a table. The placement of your artwork should also relate to its surroundings. As a guideline for proportion, one or more pictures (including mirrors or other wall décor) should cover about 2/3 of the wall space above the piece of furniture. For example, if you have a 6 foot wide sofa, plan on a single picture or an arrangement that is about 4 feet wide and centered above the sofa.
Always experiment with different arrangements and combinations of pictures before starting to hang any of them.
There are two ways to arrange pictures: Symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical groupings create a more formal feeling while asymmetrical arrangements are more casual. Items that are the same or similar in size, shape, and/or other attributes lend themselves to symmetrical arrangements -- one in which items are hung equally around a center line or point.
It is easier to create balance with a symmetrical grouping, but it is not difficult to balance an asymmetrical grouping either, although you'll have to rely on a bit of trial and error to create visual balance instead of a level and ruler or tape measure.
A grouping of pieces different in size, shape, color or other attributes will work better in an asymmetrical arrangement. Such a grouping should be hung so that the visual weight of the objects appears balanced. One way to do this without making a lot of unnecessary holes in your wall is to lay out the arrangement on the floor first, adjusting the grouping until you have arranged the items in the most pleasing (least lop-sided) way.
You could also trace the outlines of the items onto a roll of newsprint or inexpensive paper (that will contrast with your wallcolor) and arrange those on the wall with a hinge made of blue painter's tape on the back. (Other types of tape may remove paint from your wall.)


Decorator's Tip

Bird 2-Piece Wall Panel Set
If you are working with different size items, keeping the larger pieces on the bottom of the arrangement will anchor your arrangement and keep it from looking top-heavy.
Reposition the shapes until you are pleased with the arrangement and then use that as a guide for hanging the actual items.
A vertical arrangement will make a room appear taller and a horizontal arrangement will make it appear wider.
You might also want to consider hanging one larger item surrounded by a circle or rectanglular arrangement of smaller pictures. This type of arrangement is particularly effective for displaying a group of photos in a hallway.
Whatever arrangement you choose, frames and mats should complement both the artwork and your decorating style or theme.
A framed mirror can add dimension and light, and is especially effective when it reflects something beautiful, such as a window overlooking a garden or an indoor flower arrangement, for example.
Do not be afraid to hang artwork with a mirror as part of the group. Unless a mirror is large enough to look balanced on a wall by itself, you can keep the proportion pleasing by adding pictures next to or around the mirror.
Once you decide on an arrangement, start hanging from the center or largest item and then, if there is more than one item in the center of your arrangement, hang any that go above and/or below the central piece. Continue out, hanging items from top to bottom, until all of your pictures have been hung.
Whether you use picture hooks, molly bolts, toggle boths, picture nails, or some other method will depend on the type of wall construction and surface, so be sure you have the right type of fasteners available.
If your home is a rental, you may be restricted to non-invasive methods such as suspending frames from a railing or keeping your artwork lightweight enough to use magnetic or peel-and-stick types of picture hangers
Pictures Perfect
Variation of Apple Blossoms by Vincent Van Gogh
Can't find the right artwork or other wall décor to hang?
See if one of these will work for you.
Selections will change frequently, so check back to see what's new.
Artwork shown here is Interpretation in Red Almond Blossom" by Vincent Van Gogh in a 3-piece canvas set. Below is Sunset in Venice by Claude Monet. Both are available atAllPosters in a variety of sizes and formats.




3. Become a Groupie


Sunset in Venice by Claude Monet (1840 - 1926).

(No, not that kind)


Accessoriesare an important part of home decorating. They can make or break a room and are a great way to show off your collections and personalize your home décor.However, don't over-do it. If you have a large collection, put some of it away and rotate the items. Group the items together in one place rather than spreading around throughout the house.
From Book Sold Below
Think about every accessory you put in a room. You want it to reflect your personality and taste, but not look cluttered. Consider the scale of the items as well as their colors, purpose, and shapes. Group them in odd numbers or creative ways, but keep them together. Aim for a small grouping of your favorites and either pack the rest away, sell them, or donate them to charity.




4. That's Odd! Off-center is On-target

  Unless your display is of Noah's Ark, avoid putting things in   pairs. Odd numbers are far more interesting. A group of      three or five items is usually better than two, four, or six.
  Items that are different in shape, height, color, texture or    some other dimension should be balanced, but that almost    always means they should not be centered and spread out    or lined up evenly in a straight line.
  The third picture in the Picture This section, above, would   not be as interesting if the lamp was removed and the    flowers were centered in front of the mirror. By adding the   taller lamp, and moving the flower arrangement to one    side, the arrangement has balance and more interest. The    lamp ties the grouping together and anchors it. Display your   collections or objects grouped by color, material, or theme. Vary the heights, shapes, and textures for more interest.


5. Think Big -- Bigger IS Better!


  Contrary to what many think, a small room decorated with     small furniture is usually not the best way to go.
   One larger (but not huge) "statement" piece -- such as an    antique armoire, bookcase topped desk, or an overstuffed    armchair with a carved wood frame -- will draw the eye and   create an airier atmosphere than a lot of smaller scale    furniture.
  Start with your statement piece and arrange the other    items in the room around it. For example, many smaller    rooms often have a shelving unit against one wall, either    freestanding or in the form of shelves attached to shelving    strips affixed to the wall. Whether you use it for media  and/or books, display, or other storage, replace the open  shelves with an armoire to hold all of that "stuff" instead.
 Perhaps angle the armoire in a corner of the room and    arrange your seating and occasional tables to complement    that. You'll be surprised how much better the space will    look and feel.




6. Of(f) Color: Avoid White Blight


Although white walls are very appealing to some of you, having no color on the walls often makes a room seem cold and uninviting. It also makes it very hard to decorate. If you must use pure white, use it for trim, fabric, or accessories with a color or even a light neutral shade on the walls.
 White only works on a wall if you  know how to use it -- and since that  is a difficult thing to do, we do not  recommend you try it yourself. And  be sure to choose the right intensity  of color. Do not rely on small paint  chips as the color will look different  on the wall.
 Purchase a small amount of paint and  try it first. Live with it a couple of  days. View it at various times of the  day and night since the color you  choose may look different with  different lighting conditions and with different colors adjacent to it .It is worth the slight extra investment to avoid spending many times more only to have it turn out darker or lighter than you expected

Decorator's Tip

 Do NOT hold your color swatches against a white wall.
  The appearance of a color will look different depending on  what other colors are adjacent to it. You'll get a much  better idea of how the color will look if you look at it next to  your furniture, window treatments, or cabinets. It also  helps to see a larger area of color and even the larger  swatches sometimes available today may not be big  enough.
 Instead of putting the sample color on a wall, we suggest  you completely cover a large piece of white foamcore board  or posterboard with paint and look at it in different places  in your room. If you are painting several rooms or want to  make an accent wall a different color or hue, you can also paint another board with the different color and move them from wall to wall or even room to room and see which placement looks best.
With today's computer technology, paint stores can match almost any color you can find. You are not restricted to choosing colors available on paint chips. Expert paint stores can also make a color slightly darker or lighter - just be sure to check some dried paint to be sure it is what you want before you leave the store with your purchase.

Chandeliers With Decorative Impact

Chandeliers L to R: New Orleans 14-Light Crystal, Zelda Contemporary in Vintage Brass, Murray Feiss Stirling Castle, La Parra Tiered Spanish Gothic. Most available in different sizes, finishes, and colors. Click the info icon to learn more.

7. Lighten Up in 3 Easy Steps

 1. Lighting may be the most frequently overlooked element of home decorating. Besides the fixtures being design elements themselves, good lighting is related to function (as in task lighting, reading lights, etc.) and mood. Lighting should be chosen not only for the style and scale of the light fixtures but according to what the purpose of the room is and what type of ambience you wish to create. Dark rooms can be depressing and overly bright rooms can be harsh on the eyes and the nerves. Each room should have multiple lighting options, from a dimmer switch for the dining room chandelier to table and floor lamps near work and reading areas. Accent lighting can enhance your collections, artwork, or even your prize schefflera.

2. Long with the above, the most frequent lighting mistake in home décor is a dining room chandelier that is either too small (almost always) and/or hung too high. A dining room light fixture should be centered over the table and should not be flush or even semi-flush to the ceiling. It should hang above the table, with the bottom of the fixture no higher than 3 feet above the table. It should also be no smaller than about 9 to 12 inches less than the width or diameter of the table.
A table that is 4 feet wide and 6 feet long should have a chandelier that is 36 to 39 or 40 inches in diameter. A round table that is 5 feet in diameter (width across the middle) should have a chandelier that is no smaller than 48 inches in diameter. (For larger tables, my personal preference is to hang the chandelier even a little lower than 36" above the table as it makes it a more dramatic focal point). The chandelier should be on a dimmer (soft light is more flattering and conducive to dining) and don't forget the candles.

Bright Ideas For Table and Floor Lamps

From an accent to general and task lighting, there are a wide variety of fixtures and styles to complement your home décor. We have selected some of our favorite table and floor lamps below. Many of these styles come in both table and floor models, so if you like a style but the type you need isn't pictured, click on the info icon link to see the complete line.
 3. Last but far from least -- Do not neglect the importance of sunlight (or the ability of ultra violet rays to fade furnishings and artwork). When thinking about room lighting you should also pay attention to the direction the windows of the room face, when it is likely to have the most sun, if you want the maximum exposure to that sun or it will be too glaring, if you want the light but not the UV exposure, or if you want to block the sun (in a media room or perhaps the bedroom of someone who works the night shift and sleeps during the day).
L to R: Nova Matilda Floor Lamp, Nova Ventana Floor Lamp w/Tray, Meyda Tiffany Trillium & Violet Floor Lamp, Dimond’s Athena Torchiere, Dimond Lighting Farmhouse Floor Lamp & Kenroy Home Pisces Floor Lamp. Click "info" icon for more.
These things should all be considered when selecting the appropriate type of window treatments.

Do you need to filter light? (semi-sheers and similar types of curtains, uv blocking window films)
Block light? (light-blocking shades, blinds, and/or heavier draperies)

Create privacy? (opaque treatments, including shutters)

Not block a great view? (consider no window treatment or just a valance and/or easy-to-open styles)

Improve energy efficiency? (think thermal, shutters, energy saving window films)

All of these lighting-related factors should be considered in deciding on window treatments in addition to budget, lifestyle (Do you really want puddling drapes if you have pets), and taste preferences.

Lighting Essentials

Whether a reproduction of a historic period oil lamp, a halogen "high hat" hidden in the ceiling, or the 
L to R: Nova Matilda Floor Lamp, Nova Ventana Floor Lamp w/Tray, Meyda Tiffany Trillium & Violet Floor Lamp, Dimond’s Athena Torchiere, Dimond Lighting Farmhouse Floor Lamp & Kenroy Home Pisces Floor Lamp. Click "info" icon for more.
latest in pendant track lighting, you also need to consider the type and size of lightbulb (flourescents are energy efficient but can provide harsh light), installing a dimmer switch for the main light source, the proportions of the lamp or fixture in relation to your furnishings, and especially the job you want the light to do.
Look for warm lighting and, for work areas, we find that full spectrum lighting is best, especially if you work with color like we do.

8. What's the (focal) Point? Every Room Needs One

A focal point serves as the focus or anchor for the design of a room. In other words, it is the glue that brings a room together and creates interest. Some may not be aware of what a focal point is and what it does for a room so their rooms either tend to have no focal point or to have too many. The result of either is the same - confusion.
Room with fireplace as focal point

So, what is a focal point? In general, it is the most dramatic element in a room. It is what your eye is drawn to when you first enter a room. It is attention getting and should be the center of attention of your décor.
The focal point can be a fireplace, a large picture window with a great view, or a headboard, entertainment unit or armoire. Furnishings should be arranged in relation to the focal point -- such as a conversational group around a fireplace. Other main elements in a room are arranged to face, frame, or be part of the focal point.
If your space does not have an architectural feature to serve as a focal point, you can create one by using, for example, a dramatic (in scale, style, color, design) piece of furniture, a sculpture, a striking painting on an easel or a picture hung on a wall.

Great Focal Points Anchor a Room

If your room doesn't have a focal point, you can create one as described above or you might want to consider arranging your room with one of the following as your focal point. We've personally selected each one for it's great look and special features.
Room with fireplace as focal point

9. Stifle Those Yawns - Monotony is Boring and Tiresome



Matching furniture, everything the same color, an over-done "theme" room, the same fabric used everywhere (on furniture, windows, accessories, you-name-it). If your room looks like it came out of a store catalog and everything matches -- be it a "suite" of furniture, a color, or ruffles or a themed motif on everything, looking at the same thing all of the time is boring because it lacks interest and personality.
Sure that set of furniture or bedroom linens/curtains/lampshade ensemble looked great in the catalog or showroom. It is supposed to. They are trying to sell as much merchandise as possible and it worked as a sales tool because you bought it. But once you get it home, matchy-matchy becomes worse than wishy-washy. An overly matched room can also give the impression of being cluttered.
What to do? Break up the set. Swap pieces with items from other rooms -- maybe the bedroom nightstand would work as an endtable in the living room or the dresser (sans mirrors) could be used as a server or buffet in the dining room or against a foyer wall. List them on eBay or Craig's list and use the proceeds to find a more interesting replacement. Donate part of the set to charity and enjoy helping others (and the tax benefit).
You might also try painting one piece, changing the hardware, and maybe even add a marble, granite, tile, or Mosaic top to transform a standard piece of furniture into a fun, artsy, unique item. Decoupage and other techniques can also be used. Items in a room should coordinate and create a balanced, complementary look while serving as functional parts of your home but items that look like they came out of the box will make you feel like you are living in one. Think outside the box.

10. Flying Carpets Belong in Fairy Tales



Rugs are not supposed to float or fly except in fairy tale air space. Rugs that are too small are not only hazardously easy to trip on, they float in the middle of a floor, break up a room and are distracting. Before you decide on a size for a rug, use blue painters tape to outline where you want the rug to go.


A rug should anchor the furniture. If a seating arrangement, at least the front feet of the furniture should rest on the rug. You do not want a "floating" coffee table.

Similarly, do not put a too-small rug under the dining room table and have the chairs float around it. It should be large enough for the chairs to fit on as well so that the furniture is both physically and visibly connected.

BTW, that's not the only problem with the room in the large photo above. Can you identify the others?

A room-size area rug should have a 9 to 12 inch border of floor showing between the rug and the wall.

If you want to cover the entire floor, you probably should consider wall-to-wall carpeting instead.

If you are using a room-sized area rug, it should be large enough to tuck under the edges of any furniture around the room, such as servers, or china cabinets.

If you already have one that it is too small, use it somewhere else.

Which of These Decorating Mistakes Troubles You the Most

Go on. Don't be Shy! Go ahead and pick one.

  •  Cluttered Collectibles
  •  Awkward Furniture Arrangements
  •  Overly Matched Furniture
  •  Poor Lighting Choices
  •  Pictures and Wall Décor Haphazardly Hung
  •  Lack of Focal Point
  •  Bright White Blight
  •  Too Much Small Furniture in Small Rooms
  •  Noah's Ark Decorating (Everything in Matching Pairs)
  •  10 Vote Up Vote Down Floating Rugs and Flying Carpets
  • For more Click
  • Source - Hub Pages

Monday 23 May 2016

What's Causing E-Cigs' Trail of Injuries?

An electronic cigarette  exploded in the face of a man in Albany, New York, recently, leaving him with a hole his tongue and burns on his hand, CNN reported. The explosion also knocked out several of the man's teeth.

But this is far from the first injury caused by an exploding e-cigarette, or e-cig.

The battery-powered devices work by heating a liquid, which typically contains nicotine as well as other chemicals, into a vapor that a user then inhales. But the lithium-ion battery that heats the liquid within an e-cig poses a big safety risk: The batteries have the potential to explode, Dr. Michael Siegel, a tobacco researcher and professor of community health sciences at the Boston University School of Public Health, told Live Science recently.

Last month, a teen in New York City was hospitalized after an e-cig exploded while he was testing it out in a store, according to CBS News. The explosion damaged both of the teen's eyes.

And in November 2015, an e-cig explosion left a Tennessee man potentially paralyzed, the Huffington Post reported. The explosion fractured the man's vertebrae and bones in his face, and knocked out a tooth.

In July 2015, a young man in Alabama was airlifted to a hospital and placed on a ventilator after an e-cig blew up in his face. In addition to first-degree burns on his face and chest, the explosion left the young man with a hole in the roof of his mouth that made it difficult for him to eat, according to AOL News.   

And earlier last year, a man's exploding e-cig was powerful enough to shatter glass in the Southern California store he was in, NBC Los Angeles reported. After the blast, the man was rushed to the University of California San Diego Burn Center for treatment.

Why e-cigs explode
In a 2014 report, the U.S. Fire Administration examined e-cig explosions between 2009 and 2014. Lithium-ion batteries in other devices such as cellphones and laptops have also been known to cause fires, the report said. But the design of e-cigs – with their cylindrical shape, and the weakest structural point at their ends – makes these devices more likely than others to explode if the battery fails, according to the report.

The fires start in the battery. While all batteries contain electrolyte solutions (this is an essential part of how they work), the solutions used in lithium-ion batteries are different from those in regular batteries because they are flammable, the report said.

In a lithium-ion battery, the solution can become overheated, reach its boiling point and then rapidly expand and catch fire, causing the battery to explode, according to the report. Laptops and other devices have rigid plastic cases that prevent an exploding battery from doing much damage. But in an e-cig, the explosion can lead the cylindrical container of the device to explode, too, causing the device to "be propelled across the room like a bullet or small rocket," the report said.

For more click

Source :- Live Science

Calling All Kids! President Obama Wants Your Science and Tech Ideas

Inspired by the recommendation of a 9-year-old inventor during the White House Science Fair in April, President Barack Obama has put out a call to kids across the United States to share their thoughts on science, technology and innovation.

Both in and out of classrooms, kids know firsthand how to inspire students in the STEM fields — science, technology, engineering and math. So the president is asking young scientists and inventors to tell the White House what it can do to build the future of science, discovery and exploration

"Whether you care about tackling climate change, finding a cure to cancer, using technology to help make people's lives better or getting a human to Mars, we can't wait to get your input!" John Holdren, director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, wrote in a White House blog post yesterday (May 19) to announce the initiative.
The online form (which doesn't require kids to submit personal information) includes questions such as, "What is your favorite thing about science, technology, engineering or math?" and "If you could pitch the president one idea on how we could make our country work better using science and technology, what would you say?"

Holdren also noted the president's long record of encouraging kids to engage with science and technology.

"He recognizes that the future of our country depends on the innovations and advances of today's students," Holdren wrote.

"One of the things I find so inspiring about these young thinkers is that they look at all these seemingly intractable problems as something that we can solve," Obama said at the time. "There is a confidence when you are pursuing science. They don't consider age a barrier. They don't think, 'Well, that's just the way things are.' They're not afraid to try things and ask tough questions."

From the inventions they've tried to the questions they've asked, students interested in STEM are encouraged to submit their ideas through the White House's blog.

For more click


Source :- Live Science

Thursday 19 May 2016

Hooked, Pointy or Snubbed .... How Your Nose Get Its Shape ?

Ski-jump, hooked, piggy or snubbed — there are almost as many nose shapes as there are people in the world.

Now, new research has uncovered four genes that govern some of the variation in the human olfactory organ.

The new findings could help scientists understand the roots of this variation, the "Finding out the role each gene plays helps us to piece together the evolutionary path from Neanderthal to modern humans," study co-author Kaustubh Adhikari, a cell and developmental biologist at University College London, said in a statement. "It brings us closer to understanding how genes influence the way we look, which is important for forensics applications." [Bio-Art: 3D Printed Faces Reconstructed from Stray DNA]

Although many people think of nose shape as a purely aesthetic feature, researchers suspect that different nose shapes evolved in different environments, for different reasons, the study authors said.

"For example, the comparatively narrower nose of Europeans has been proposed to represent an adaptation to a cold, dry climate," said study lead author Andrés Ruiz-Linares, a biologist at University College London. "Identifying genes affecting nose shape provides us with new tools to examine this question, as well as the evolution of the face in other species."

To figure out what makes a nose, the researchers studied nearly 6,000 people from Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Chile and Mexico who had participated in the CANDELA study, an ongoing study of the biological diversity of people living in Latin America. The people in the study have a mix of Caucasian, African and Native American ancestry, creating a wide range of facial features. Past research from this population has identified genes that make people go gray.

The team analyzed the participants' facial features, and also did 3D reconstructions for 3,000 of the participants, to get exact measurements of their facial features.

Then, the team looked at the genomes of these people, and identified three genes known to drive bone and cartilage growth that also seemed to predict nose shape. Two genes, called GLI3 and PAX1, seemed to have a large effect on nostril width, while another, called DCH2, controlled nose pointiness. A fourth gene, called RUNX2, was associated with the breadth of the nose at the bridge.

Interestingly, three of these genes — GLI3, RUNX2 and DCH2 — seemed to have changed during modern humans' recent past, compared with in earlier times, such as during the evolution of archaic humans, including the Neanderthals and the Denisovans. This finding suggests that these genes have been under strong pressure from natural selection in the more recent past, according to the researchers.

For more Click

Source :- Live Science

Wednesday 18 May 2016

5 Rules To Find Your Dream Partner Without Even Looking

Thousands of single men and women around the world all dream of the day they meet that special person. Someone who excites us, makes us smile and brings vibrant colour to their lives. For some, this leads to feelings of loneliness, desperation or even hopelessness. Yet, there is absolutely no use in letting this get the better of you.

7_secrets_of_relationships_that_work

Searching for secret methods nor secret locations of where they may be hiding is fruitless. The best approach is to open your life and allow the man/woman of your dreams to enter, using these five simple rules:


Rule #1 – Stop Searching For “The One”



That’s right, you must stop looking in order to find them… Unfortunately, desperately seeking out your perfect partner just doesn’t work. In almost all cases, these special people enter our lives completely unintentionally. But when they do, you will  know it!

Also, if you dedicate yourself to finding someone now, you’re likely to settle for less. While prowling out on the town is fun, let’s be honest, it’s highly unlikely you will hunt down “the one”!

While you call off the search, you must always remain open to receiving them.


Rule #2 – Focus on Yourself

Now you are no longer focused on finding another, transfer this energy into working on yourself. Occupying yourself with personal improvement will have three huge benefits:

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You will be happier, more confident and independent. Incidentally, this will magnetize others
You will be the best possible version of yourself for when you do meet someone special
Staying productive will prevent loneliness, desperation or negative feelings of lacking
Follow your individual calling, it may include a number of the following aspects:

Building a business or career
Improving health/fitness
Pursuing interests/hobby’s
Competing in events or competitions
Travelling and exploring new places
During this process, you may just stumble across someone special, so keep your eyes open!


Rule #3 – Compliment Not Complete

Now that you are well-focused and independent, you will no longer feel you a partner to complete you. Instead, focus on identifying someone who compliments you perfectly, and you to them.

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If either person needs the other to bring happiness, balance or peace to their life, it is often a recipe for disaster. In most cases this will result in an unstable relationship, far from the dream boat ride you hoped for!


Rule #4 – Be Social and Outgoing


For those who still think this rule is corny, have you heard of the six degrees of separation? It’s an incredible theory that we are all only six steps or fewer away from any other person you will ever meet. So that “a friend of a friend” chain between you and your dream partner is only six steps or less!
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Go out and mingle at events, festivals, parties, or gatherings. Make sure you chose something that interests you, or simply go for fun with your friends! You’re bound to meet lots of new interesting people, possibly even cross paths with someone special.


Rule #5 – Be Bold – Act On Your Intuition


While you are not actively searching for your dream partner, you cannot assume that they are going to simply fall straight onto your lap! You need to trust your intuition to tell you when to act.

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When you meet someone who resonates with you deeply, don’t let them slip away! It’s up to you to control your destiny, to act and explore life’s many possibilities. Harness the power of the butterfly effect, small actions can change your entire life.

It may be as simple as exchanging smiles with a beautiful stranger. Even just walking over to casually introduce yourself could reveal the amazing discovery you were always longing for!

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Tuesday 17 May 2016

Doctors Perform US' 1st Penis Transplant

A 64-year-old man in Massachusetts has become the first person in the United States to receive a penis transplant, doctors announced today.

The patient, Thomas Manning, needed his penis removed in 2012 because of aggressive penile cancer. The penile transplant was performed in order to reconstruct the genitalia so it has a more natural appearance, restore urinary function and hopefully achieve sexual function, the doctors said.

"We are hopeful that these reconstructive techniques will allow us to alleviate the suffering and despair of those who have experienced devastating genitourinary injuries and are often so despondent they consider taking their own lives," Dr. Curtis Cetrulo, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, said in a statement.

The penile transplant surgery, called a genitourinary vascularized composite allograft, or GUVCA, took 3 and a half years to plan. The 15-hour operation involved connecting the blood vessels and nerves of a penis from a deceased donor onto the blood vessels and nerves of the patient. [8 Wild Facts About the Penis]

So far, the patient has not had signs of organ rejection or infection, which are potential complications of the procedure.

Right now the procedure is considered experimental, but as doctors learn more, they hope to offer the transplant to more patients, including combat veterans who have experienced significant injuries to the genitals, the doctors said.

"We are delighted to have taken the first steps to help those patients who have suffered silently for far too long," said Dr. Dicken S.C. Ko, a urologist and transplant surgeon, also at MGH.

In a statement, Manning said, "Today I begin a new chapter filled with personal hope and hope for others who have suffered genital injuries, particularly for our service members who put their lives on the line and suffer serious damage as a result.

"In sharing this success with all of you, it's my hope we can usher in a bright future for this type of transplantation," Manning said.

Previously, penis transplants have been performed in South Africa and China.

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